Every real (period, source, value) row on file for Spain and Netherlands, in either direction — deduplicated the same way as everywhere else on this site: one canonical figure per period and source, not a raw ingestion dump. Spans 2 distinct periods and 2 distinct sources.
| Direction | Value | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands → Spain | $23.4B | 2025 | UN Comtrade (ES) |
| Spain → Netherlands | $15.5B | 2025 | UN Comtrade (ES) |
| Netherlands → Spain | $2.5B | Jun 2026 | UN Comtrade (NL) |
| Spain → Netherlands | $1.1B | Jun 2026 | UN Comtrade (NL) |